TOC
Pronunciation 读音
The phonetic symbols used in the dictionaries are given below. 词典使用的音标如下。
Consonants 辅音
| Symbol | Word | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| p | pen | /pen/ |
| b | bad | /bæd/ |
| t | tea | /tiː/ |
| d | did | /dɪd/ |
| k | cat | /kæt/ |
| g | get | /get/ |
| tʃ | chain | /tʃeɪn/ |
| dʒ | jam | /dʒæm/ |
| f | fall | /fɔːl/ |
| v | van | /væn/ |
| θ | thin | /θɪn/ |
| ð | this | /ðɪs/ |
| s | see | /siː/ |
| z | zoo | /zuː/ |
| ʃ | shoe | /ʃuː/ |
| ʒ | vision | /ˈvɪʒn/ |
| h | hat | /hæt/ |
| m | man | /mæn/ |
| n | now | /naʊ/ |
| ŋ | sing | /sɪŋ/ |
| l | leg | /leg/ |
| r | red | /red/ |
| j | yes | /jes/ |
| w | wet | /wet/ |
The symbol (r) indicates that British pronunciation will have r only if a vowel sound follows directly at the beginning of the next word, as in far away; otherwise the r is omitted. For American English, all the r sounds should be pronounced.
符号 (r) 表示只有当后面紧跟一个以元音开头的词时，英式读音的 r 才发音，如 far away，否则这个 r 就省略不读。在美式英语中，所有的 r 音都应读出。
x represents a fricative sound as in lɒx for Scottish loch, Irish lough.
x 表示摩擦音，如 lɒx 读音代表苏格兰英语的 loch、爱尔兰英语的 lough。
Vowels and diphthongs 元音和双元音
| Symbol | Word | Pronunciation | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| iː | see | /siː/ | |
| i | happy | /ˈhæpi/ | |
| ɪ | sit | /sɪt/ | |
| e | bed | /bed/ | |
| æ | cat | /kæt/ | |
| ɑː | father | /ˈfɑːðə(r)/ | |
| ɒ | got | /gɒt/ | (British English) |
| ɔː | saw | /sɔː/ | |
| ʊ | put | /pʊt/ | |
| u | actual | /ˈæktʃuəl/ | |
| uː | too | /tuː/ | |
| ʌ | cup | /kʌp/ | |
| ɜː | fur | /fɜː(r)/ | |
| ə | about | /əˈbaʊt/ | |
| eɪ | say | /seɪ/ | |
| əʊ | go | /gəʊ/ | |
| oʊ | go | /goʊ/ | (American English) |
| aɪ | my | /maɪ/ | |
| ɔɪ | boy | /bɔɪ/ | |
| aʊ | now | /naʊ/ | |
| ɪə | near | /nɪə(r)/ | (British English) |
| eə | hair | /heə(r)/ | (British English) |
| ʊə | pure | /pjʊə(r)/ | (British English) |
Many British speakers use ɔː instead of the diphthong ʊə, especially in common words, so that sure becomes ʃɔː(r), etc.
英式发音常用 ɔː 代替双元音 ʊə，尤其在一些常见词汇中，如 sure 的发音就成了 ʃɔː(r)。
The vowel ɒ occurs only in British English, with American pronunciations usually having ɔː or ɑː instead. For these words there is some variation between ɔː and ɑː among speakers of American English, but only one such pronunciation is given.
元音 ɒ 仅存在于英式英语，相应的美式英语读音为 ɔː 或 ɑː。 美式英语某些单词中 ɔː 或 ɑː 的读音均有人使用，但此种标音方式仅给出一种读音。
The three diphthongs ɪə eə ʊə are found only in British English. In corresponding places, American English has a simple vowel followed by r, so near is nɪr, hair is her, and pure is pjʊr.
只有在英式英语中才有 ɪə eə ʊə 这三个双元音，美式英语则对应为一个单元音后跟一个 r，故 near 读作 nɪr，hair 读作 her，pure 读作 pjʊr。
Nasalized vowels, marked with ˜, may be retained in certain words taken from French, as in penchant ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃, coq au vin ˌkɒk əʊ ˈvæ̃.
标有 ˜ 的鼻元音在某些来自法语的词中可能保留下来，如 penchant ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃、coq au vin ˌkɒk əʊ ˈvæ̃。
ˈ shows the strong (or main) stress in a word or group of words. It is in front of the part (or syllable) that you say most strongly.
符号 ˈ 表示一个词或短语的主重音。主重音符号置于重读的部分或音节之前。
ˌ shows a weaker (or secondary) stress. Many longer words have a syllable that is pronounced with a secondary stress as well as a syllable with strong (or main) stress.
符号 ˌ 表示次重音。很多较长的词同时有次重音和主重音的音节。
If more than one pronunciation is given for a word, they are all acceptable, but the first form given is the most common.
如果一个词提供了多于一个读音，即这些读音都正确，但第一个读音最常用。